Infrastructure coverage of the ural federal district regions: assessment metodology and diagnostic results

The article examines the infrastructure as one of the essential elements in the economic system. The authors consider the development stages of this concept in the scientific community and provide the opinions of a number of researchers as to the role and place of the infrastructure in the economic system. The article provides a brief genesis of approaches to describing the infrastructure and conferring its functions on individual branches. The authors emphasize the higher importance of infrastructure coverage with the economy transition to machine production. Two key methodological approaches are identified to describe the substance and content of the infrastructure: industrial and functional. The authors offer their methodology of assessing the infrastructure coverage of regional-level territories. The methodology is based on identifying a combination of specific indicators the values of which can be used to evaluate the development level of individual infrastructure elements. The indicative analysis being the basis of the methodological apparatus helps make a judgment of any phenomenon by comparing the current observed values with the previously adopted threshold levels. Such comparison makes it possible to classify the observations by the «norm—pre-crisis—crisis» scale. An essential advantage of this method is the possibility of standardizing the indicators, or, in other words, bringing them to one comparable conditional value. Thus, you can get estimates for individual blocks of indicators and a complex assessment for the whole set in general. The authors have identified four main infrastructure elements: transport, communications, public utility services and healthcare. The methodology includes 21 indicators all together. The test estimates based on the authors’ methodology revealed the defects in the development of the Ural regions` infrastructure. The article provides a brief analysis of the obtained data with identifying individual indicators and areas.The research has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project № 14-18-00574)

Infrastructural factors of population quality

Инфраструктура является одним из элементов формирования качества населения. В статье описаны результаты применения методического подхода к оценке инфраструктурной обеспеченности территории УрФО. Методика основана на методе индикативного анализа. Приведены расчетные данные динамики 2000-2015 гг.Infrastructure is one of the elements of the formation of the quality of the population. The article describes the results of applying a methodical approach to assessing the infrastructure security of the territory of the Urals Federal District. The methodology is based on the method of indicative analysis. Four main components of the infrastructure are identified: transport, communications, housing and communal services, and health care. The calculation data for the dynamics of 2000-2015 are given.Статья выполнена в соответствии с планом НИР ИЭ УрО РАН в рамках направления XI.171. Номер темы в ИСГЗ ФАНО № 0404-2015-0020

Infrastructure security of the Ural regions: Assessment technique and diagnostic results

This article examines the infrastructure as one of the important elements of the economic system. Authors have considered the stages of formation of this concept in the scientific world, the ideas of a number of scientists on a role and place of infrastructure in the economic system are given. Short genesis of approaches to the description of infrastructure and to assignment of its functions to certain branches is created. The paper emphasized the importance of strengthening the infrastructural support to the transition of the economy to the machine mode of production. Two main methodological approaches describing the nature and content of infrastructure are allocated: branch-wise and functional. The author's technique of the assessment of infrastructure security of territories at the regional level is offered. A basis of this technique is the allocation of the set of special indicators which values allow to see the level of development of separate elements of infrastructure. Indicative analysis, which is the basis of the methods, allows to judge any phenomenon by comparing the current observed values with the previously accepted threshold levels. This comparison allows one to classify the observations on the scale of "norm-pre-crisis-crisis". The essential advantage of this method is the normalization of indicators, i.e. their reduction to one comparable conditional size. It allows to receive the assessment on certain blocks of indicators and a complex assessment on all set in general. Authors have allocated four basic elements of infrastructure, such as transport, communications and telecommunications, utilities and health care availability. In total, the technique includes 21 indicators. The results of approbatory calculations with the author's method have revealed shortcomings in the infrastructure development of the Ural region. The article is a brief analysis of the data with the accents on the individual indicators and areas.Рассмотрена инфраструктура как один из важных элементов экономической системы. Показаны этапы становления данного понятия в научном мире. Приведены представления ученых о роли и месте инфраструктуры в экономической системе. Сформирован краткий генезис подходов к описанию инфраструктуры и наделению отдельных отраслей ее функциями. Выделены главные методологические подходы, описывающие сущность и содержание инфраструктуры. Предложена методика оценки обеспеченности инфраструктурой территорий регионального уровня.The research has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project. 14-18-00574 " Information- analytical system "Anticrisis:" diagnostics of the regions, threat assessment and scenario forecasting for the preservation and strengthening of economic security and well-being of Russia")